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[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] According to the industry's foresight, in the near future, there will be a large wave of robots moving from the laboratory to the field. Simon Blackmore, a professor at Harper Adams University in the United Kingdom, predicts that within 20 years, robots will revolutionize agricultural production.
In 20 years: a large wave of robots will "invade" the agricultural kingdom
Advances in driverless car technology and robotics are gradually shifting to industrial and commercial vehicles, accounting for about 60% of the market value of the electric car market.
In the agricultural sector, the increasing use of autonomous hybrid or all-electric tractors, robots and drones over the next decade will greatly increase farm productivity and change the way food is produced.
While some of the techniques of agricultural robots are very similar to those of driverless cars, they differ in terms of sowing, picking vegetables or fruits, and localization of pesticides, with separate sensing, handling, and processing requirements.
Factors that promote the application of agricultural robotics include increasing productivity and efficiency, reducing the cost of driverless technology, reducing the availability and cost of agricultural labor, and the need to produce more food for the world's growing population, and due to climate change, many regions Crop yields have fallen.
Electricization of tractors
About 20 years ago, tractors equipped with GPS aids were able to walk on large farms according to pre-planned routes. Most tractors today are equipped with driverless technology and are compatible with combine harvesters. With GPS, operators can guide tractors and combine harvesters to operate within 750px of planned positioning, increasing crop yields and increasing productivity per acre. According to market research firm IDTechEx, in 2016, more than 300,000 tractors were equipped with autonomous driving and navigation.
Leading European and American agricultural machinery companies have launched fully autonomous prototypes of unmanned and tractorless vehicles equipped with GPS navigation steering and sensors, including radar, laser and optical imaging, detection and ranging (laser radar). Raw sensor data can be used to create topographic maps of indoor and outdoor environments, while on-board cameras improve safety by detecting and avoiding stationary or moving obstacles. Autonomous tractors can also work with other manned machines.
The standardization work of many IEC Technical Committees (TCs) and Subcommittees (SCs) helps to improve the performance of cameras and sensing technologies used in driverless tractors and other autonomous agricultural machinery. The following are a series of international standards, IEC TC 47: Semiconductor Devices, IEC SC 47E: Discrete Semiconductor Devices, IEC SC 47F: MEMS, enabling manufacturers to build more reliable sensors and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), IEC TC 56: Reliability, covering the reliability of electronic components and equipment.
Unmanned technology will allow agricultural machinery to be planted, planted and cultivated 24 hours a day. In this way, farmers can solve the problem of shortage of agricultural labor while improving productivity and efficiency. IDTechEx pointed out that the reason why unmanned tractors are not introduced in large-scale market is mainly because of unregulated, high sensor costs, and lack of trust of farmers, rather than technical problems.
The tractor is also transitioning to electric. The all-electric tractor prototype introduced by leading US manufacturers earlier this year is equipped with two independent 150 kW motors with a total power of 300 kW (402 hp). It is powered by a 130 kWh battery pack that can run for four hours after three hours of charging.
Before transitioning to an all-electric tractor, there is a kit to convert the diesel engine into a hybrid. In addition, four electric wheel motors are used instead of the transmission, and the differential and axle powertrain controls the drive tires.
Commercial electric farm vehicles are not only tractors, self-propelled feed mixers and wheel loaders, all of which have zero emissions, low noise and smooth driving characteristics.
Several IEC Technical Committees (TCs) and Subcommittees (SCs) have developed international standards for electronic systems, sensors, motors and batteries used in driverless technology in electric autonomous vehicles.
IEC TC 69: Electric road vehicles and electric industrial trucks, standard for motor and motor controllers, onboard power storage systems, power supplies and chargers.
Since the energy of many small agricultural robot vehicles is usually powered by batteries, the TC 69 and IEC TC 21 are closely linked: batteries and batteries and their subcommittees, preparing international standards for all secondary batteries and batteries. They cover the safe installation principle, performance, size and label of batteries used in electric vehicles. These batteries can be of many different types of technology, including lead acid, lithium ion, nickel metal hydride and lithium iron phosphate.
Although electric tractors require more power than electric vehicles, the volume, durability and cost of tractor batteries should be improved when they are put into commercial production five years later.
According to a report by the British Farmers Union in February 2017, in the beginning of 2020, British farms will use both hybrid electric and battery electric tractors. The report predicts that in the near future, autonomous and traditional machines will be used together, and electric farm vehicles will be able to be charged with solar energy (000591) and can also be plugged into the power system for charging.
Small agricultural robots make agriculture a reality
Professor Simon Blackmore, director of engineering at Harper Adams University in the United Kingdom and director of the National Center for Fine Agriculture (NCPF), said that large tractors are more efficient on large farms, and small electric mobile robots are more likely to increase productivity for small and medium-sized farms. He predicted that "in 20 years, robots will revolutionize agricultural production."
Agricultural robots have been able to complete planting, planting, farming, picking, harvesting, weeding, sorting and packaging, and even to trim vines. Some strawberry picking robots have entered the commercial trial stage, and the apple picking robot has also entered the late stage of the prototype.
These light agricultural robots can work day and night, regardless of the weather. They can also collect and transmit real-time data on field and crop conditions, disease or parasites and pesticide sprays.
Typically, agricultural robots are based on some form of robotic tractor platform, wheeled or belt driven, and many are driven by batteries, motors and drive trains.
Depending on the capabilities of the robot, onboard sensors include biological (including chemical and gas analyzers), water, meteorology, soil respiration or moisture, photosynthesis or leaf area index (LAI) sensors, as well as weed detectors, plant growth meters and Hygrometer. Other components include cameras, wireless communications, robotic arms, night lights, and solar panels that charge the battery.
The rise of robotics, coupled with the development of agriculture, means that many agricultural production will undergo fundamental changes. According to IDTechEx 2016, in the agricultural sector, “farm data maps together with onboard GPS enable variable-rate agricultural technology, enabling farmers to change the application rate based on specific site/patch requirements (rather than the entire farm).
With a chestnut, the sensor can detect weeds or other needs, and the robot can spray only a specific area without covering all the plants. Before the end of 2017, a company in Kyoto, Japan, will build a farm run entirely by robots, producing 30,000 lettuce per day. The robot will participate in every stage of growth from the provision of lettuce, pruning and watering to harvesting and delivery of fully grown products to the packaging line. The company estimates that using robots will reduce operating costs by approximately 30%.
In the future, small tractors and robots can work together in the “mass†through cloud computing and provide a variety of services, from weeding, planting and fertilizing to harvesting and packaging food.
The European Union (EU)-funded Mobile Agricultural Robot Cluster (MARS) project is developing a large number of small autonomous robots that can grow their own fields. These robots are powered by electric powered batteries and are controlled by cloud-based digital technology. The location of each seed can be recorded and stored in the cloud, and later using this data can be very much cultivated or weeded.
The use of small mobile agricultural robots can effectively reduce the weight of the soil and reduce the use of heavy machinery with high energy consumption.
IEC standards support multi-billion dollar industry
IDTechEx said in a September 2016 report that the market capacity of agricultural robots has reached $3 billion and will grow to $12 billion in 2026. The report adds: "Tractor traction robots and autonomous weeding robots will play an important role in growth."
Earlier this year, Dublin's research and marketing company predicted that sales of agricultural robots would be even greater in the next decade, and the global market will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 11.9%, and by 2025, it will reach $28.6 billion.
The standardization work of several IEC Technical Committees (TCs) and Subcommittees (SCs) will support the rapid growth of this multi-billion dollar industry, with Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand being the adopters of these technologies.