[Chemical Composition] Instead of Mg, there are Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Al, etc., so that corresponding component variants can be formed. [Crystal structure] mainly monoclinic system; Cm or C2/m; a 0 = 0.53 nm, b 0 = 0.92 nm, c 0 = n × 0.73 nm (n is the number of repeating layers in different polytypes); =90° to 93°; Z=2. It is a three-octahedral structure of the TO type. The specific structure and unit cell parameters vary depending on the different homogeneous multi-image (or polymorphic) variants. In the serpentine structure, the ideal tetrahedral sheet has a unit length b tetrahedron = 0.915 nm in the b-axis direction, and an ideal octahedral sheet in the b-axis direction has a unit length b octahedron = 0.945 nm, that is, b octahedron > b four sides Body; and b = √ 3a, that is, the direction of the a-axis is also different. There are three basic ways to overcome this inconsistency between octahedron and tetrahedral. (1) Replace the larger radius of Mg 2+ with a smaller radius of Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , etc. in the octahedral sheet; replace the radius with a larger radius of Al 3+ and Fe 3+ in the tetrahedral sheet Small Si 4+ to form a serpentine. (2) The octahedral sheet and the tetrahedral sheet are alternately curved in opposite waves to form a serpentine. (3) Taking the tetrahedral sheet, the octahedral sheet is curled on the outer structural unit layer to form a serpentine. The above three methods can also be mixed (Figure G-39). Figure G-39 Curled structure of serpentine (quoted from Pan Zhaoyu, 1993) [Form] Leaf-like, scaly, usually dense (Figure G-40). Sometimes the surface is wavy. Fibrous is called serpentine asbestos , also known as chrysotile. Figure G-40 Crystalline of serpentine [Physical properties] Dark green, black green, yellow green and other shades of green, and often green, green mottled like snake skin. The substitution of iron makes the color deeper and the density increases. Grease or waxy luster, fibrous to the silky luster. Hardness 2.5 to 3.5. The relative density is 2.2 to 3.6. In addition to the fibrous one, the cleavage {001} is complete. [genesis and occurrence] The formation of serpentine is related to hydrothermal metasomatism (about equivalent to medium-temperature hydrothermal fluid), and Mg-rich rocks such as ultrabasic rocks ( olivestone , pyroxenite) or dolomite hydrothermal fluids. The metamorphism can form serpentine. At the later stage of the skarnization, serpentine is often formed. The reaction formula is: 3Mg 2 [SiO 4 ]+4H 2 O+SiO 2 →Mg 6 [Si 4 O 10 ](OH) 8 6CaMg[CO 3 ] 2 +4H 2 O+4SiO 2 →Mg 6 [Si 4 O 10 ](OH) 8 +6CaCO 3 +6CO 2 The formation of fiber serpentine (asbestos) in the serpentine block is due to When the serpentine gel shrinks and cracks gradually, the fiber is often perpendicular to the vein wall (called transverse fiber), but there are also a few parallel with the crack (called longitudinal fiber), the vertical fiber produced in Shimian County, Sichuan, China. The fiber is up to 2m long and is famous in the world. [identification characteristics] are identified according to their color, luster, small hardness, fibrous or block form and appearance. The difference between serpentine minerals is difficult, and can only be further accurately determined by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray method, thermal analysis, and optical rotation identification. [Main use] Asbestos-like serpentine (called chrysotile) has higher tensile strength than hornblenum asbestos. Many organic and inorganic fibers have tensile strengths less than serpentine asbestos, especially at high temperatures, serpentine. Asbestos still retains its fairly good strength and is a prominent advantage. Generally speaking, the horizontal cotton is better than the vertical cotton, and the purer the composition, the better the performance. Thus chrysotile can be widely used in construction, chemical, pharmaceutical, metallurgical and other departments. Non-asbestos-like serpentine can also be made into high-strength special materials that do not absorb moisture, burn, have good thermal insulation and have large heat capacity, because of its heat resistance, sound insulation and light weight. It can also be used for building stone and jade carvings, such as jade jade (the main component is serpentine), which is a famous jade variety in China. 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Mg 6 [Si 4 O 10 ](OH) 8