Tert-Butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPB) a chemical compound from the group of peresters. It is often used as a radical initiator in polymerization reactions, such as the production of LDPE from ethylene, and for crosslinking, such as for unsaturated polyester resins.
As peroxo compound, TBPB contains about 8.16 wt% of active oxygen and has a self accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) of about 60 °C. The SADT is the lowest temperature at which self-accelerating decomposition in the transport packaging can occur within a week, and which should not be exceeded while storage or transportation.[2] TBPB should therefore be stored between minimum 10 °C (below solidification) and maximum 50 °C. Dilution with a high-boiling solvent increases the SADT. The half-life of TBPB, in which 50% of the peroxy ester is decomposed, is 10 hours at 104 °C, one hour at 124 °C and one minute at 165 °C. Amines, metal ions, strong acids and bases, as well as strong reducing and oxidizing agents accelerate the decomposition of TBPB even in low concentrations.[ However, TBPB is one of the safest peresters or organic peroxides in handling. The main decomposition products of tert-butyl peroxybenzoate are carbon dioxide, acetone, methane, tert-butanol, benzoic acid and benzene.
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In recent years, the scientific and technical staff at the Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield have selected several "super strains" from over 100 microbial cultures developed in the past decade. Starting from the end of last year, these microbes were tested in 10 wells at the No. 7 plant of the northern oil extraction facility. Just six months later, by mid-June this year, these specially selected microorganisms successfully extracted more than 1,600 tons of crude oil from deep underground. Even more impressive was that two previously inactive wells were revived, returning to normal production.
Microbial oil recovery technology is known for its speed, efficiency, low cost, and environmental friendliness. It doesn’t damage the reservoir or pollute the surroundings, and the injection equipment is simple. The technology offers a high return on investment and outperforms traditional methods like fracturing, acidizing, and plugging. Additionally, it helps reduce wax buildup and extends the time between cleaning cycles, making it ideal for low-pressure, low-production, and low-saturation oil fields.
The research team has been exploring this technology for many years. In 2002, they conducted 13 well tests in the Chaoyanggou oil field of the No. 10 Oil Production Plant. After injecting the microbes, the water cut dropped by an average of 16%, with a cumulative oil increase of 2,138 tons and an input-output ratio of 1:9. By the end of 2003, they had completed 60 well tests in the same area, resulting in an additional 9,175 tons of oil recovered. This success proved that the selected microbial strains could thrive under reservoir conditions and improve crude oil flow capacity. The test also broke the U.S. Department of Energy's previous requirement that permeability should be above 50 millidarcies, expanding the technology’s applicability.
Later, the institute carried out a second round of microbial treatments on four wells that had shown good results in 2002. The oil recovery effect was nearly identical to the first round, proving that microbial stimulation can be applied multiple times. Based on these successes, the team then conducted full-scale field tests using microbial drive technology, which yielded even better results.
One of the most exciting outcomes came from the Pubei oil field, where microbial drive not only brought back two wells that had been shut down for three years but also significantly reduced the resistance during water flooding, increasing the oil recovery rate.
With such promising results, microbial oil recovery technology shows great potential for future applications. Currently, the research group is studying its use in peripheral oil fields, transitional zones in aging fields, and chemically driven reservoirs that are unsuitable for chemical flooding. The goal is to position this technology as a key solution for oil fields in their later stages of development.