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Late rice no-tillage and transplanting is a modern, low-input farming technique where rice is directly seeded into paddy fields after herbicides have been effectively eliminated. This method not only reduces labor demand and eases physical strain but also cuts mechanical plowing costs by approximately 100 yuan per mu, allowing for earlier planting.
Suitable fields for no-tillage are those with muddy soil that has good drainage and irrigation systems, deep plowing layers, flat terrain, and strong water retention and fertility. Fields with less vegetation and fewer weeds are ideal, especially those with a firm topsoil layer. On the other hand, fields like Tianshui, sandy soils, or shallow mud areas are not recommended for this technique.
Weed control is crucial in no-tillage and transplanting. The commonly used herbicide is Gramoxone emulsion, known for its safety, speed, efficiency, and affordability. Before applying the herbicide, it's important to dry the field by opening ditches and keeping the soil dry to ensure maximum effectiveness. Application should occur about seven days before transplanting, though farmers can also apply it two days in advance. Choose a clear day, and mix 200–250 ml of the herbicide in 50 kg of water, evenly spraying it over the field (including Tian Luan). Focus on weeds and cockroaches, and reapply any missed spots two days after the initial spray. If rain occurs within four hours, reapply. After two days of reapplication, the field can be flooded to soften the mud and accelerate weed death. Water depth should cover most of the rice seedlings and weeds, and soaking for five days is typical. For fields with more weeds, harder soil, or looser conditions, extend the soaking time.
In no-tillage and transplanting, the soil’s ability to supply nutrients is reduced, and roots tend to sink into the mud, extending the growth period. Therefore, choosing varieties with strong tillering capacity, well-developed root systems, thick stems, short stature, and strong lodging resistance is essential. Late rice should also focus on early to mid-maturing varieties to ensure safe panicle formation. Using 353-hole trays with larger holes helps improve seedling quality by providing better nutrition space. Seedlings should be planted deep into the mud for faster rooting and recovery. The number of trays per acre should be about 10% more than conventional methods, with around 60–65 pieces for late rice. The sowing process is similar to conventional methods, but two key points must be emphasized: first, the seedlings should be younger, typically 3–4 leaves, as older seedlings may struggle to stand upright after transplanting; second, it's advisable to use chemical seed dressing before planting. Mix 1 kg of uniconazole and 10–12 grams of Goodway per kilogram of dry seeds, create a paste, and thoroughly mix with germinated and white seeds before sowing. These seedlings will be shorter, stronger, and more resistant to pests and diseases.
Transplanting should occur when seedlings have 3–4 leaves. The transplanting density should be 10%–20% higher than conventional methods, usually around 2.2 million seedlings per acre. Adjust the density based on fertilizer levels, hybrid vs. conventional rice, and field conditions.
After transplanting, manage the fields for 3–4 days, combining herbicide application (same as conventional methods) and applying 7.5 kg of urea for green-up. Six and a half kilograms of urea and potash should be applied 5–6 days later for growth promotion. When the number of seedlings per acre reaches the target (230,000 for conventional rice, 200,000 for hybrids), apply 4 kg of urea and potash as a stalk-strengthening fertilizer. During the panicle differentiation stage, apply 5 kg of urea and potash per mu for strong development. After harvest, apply 2 kg of urea per mu as a grain-strengthening fertilizer. At the same time, maintain proper water management and pest control.
Author: Liu Zilong