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Late rice no-tillage and seedling transplanting is a low-input agricultural technique that allows direct seeding after herbicides in the paddy field have been effectively eliminated. This method not only reduces labor demand and physical strain but also cuts down mechanical plowing costs by approximately 100 yuan per mu, enabling earlier sowing.
For successful no-tillage, select muddy fields with good drainage and irrigation systems, deep tilled layers, flat terrain, and strong water retention and fertility. Fields with minimal weeds and forage are ideal for early harvesting, while areas like Tianshui, sandy soils, or shallow mud fields are less suitable due to poor conditions for this technique.
Weed control is crucial in no-tillage and transplanting. Currently, Gramoxone emulsion is commonly used—known for its safety, speed, efficiency, and affordability. Before applying herbicides, dry the field by opening ditches to ensure the soil remains dry, which helps maintain pesticide effectiveness. The best time to apply is about seven days before transplanting; some farmers may choose to spray two days in advance. Choose a clear day and mix 200–250 ml of the herbicide in 50 kg of water per acre, ensuring even coverage over weeds and cockroaches. It usually takes two days for the herbicide to take effect, and any missed spots should be re-sprayed. If it rains within four hours of application, a second treatment is needed. After two days, the field can be flooded to soften the mud and accelerate weed death. Water depth should cover most of the rice seedlings and weeds, with soaking lasting around five days. For fields with more weeds, harder soil, or looser conditions, extend the soaking time.
No-tillage fields often result in weaker nutrient uptake and slower root development, leading to longer growth periods. Therefore, selecting high-yielding varieties with strong tillering ability, well-developed roots, thick stems, short height, and strong lodging resistance is essential. Late rice should also focus on early and mid-maturing varieties to ensure safe panicle formation. Use 353-hole trays with larger holes to provide better space for seedlings, improving their quality. Seedlings should be planted deeply into the mud for faster rooting and quicker recovery. The number of trays per acre should be about 10% higher than conventional methods, typically around 60–65 pieces for late rice. The sowing process is similar to traditional seedlings, but two key points must be emphasized: first, the seedlings should be younger, ideally with 3–4 leaves, as older seedlings tend to wilt after transplanting. Second, before sowing, it's recommended to use chemical seed dressing. Mix 1 kg of uniconazole and 10–12 grams of Goodway per kilogram of dry seeds, combine them into a paste, and mix thoroughly with germinated and white seeds before planting. These seedlings are compact, sturdy, and resistant to pests and diseases.
Transplanting is most effective when seedlings have 3–4 leaves. The transplanting density should be 10–20% higher than conventional methods, typically 2.2 million seedlings per acre. Adjust the density based on fertilizer levels and rice type—higher fertilizer fields may need slightly less, while lower fertilizer or hybrid combinations may require more.
Three to four days after transplanting, apply 7.5 kg of urea for green-up, combined with herbicides (same as in conventional fields). Six to seven days later, apply 6.5 kg of urea and potash for growth promotion. When the seedling count reaches the target—230,000 panicles for conventional rice and 200,000 for hybrids—apply 4 kg of urea and potassium for strong stalk development. During panicle differentiation, add 5 kg of urea and potassium per mu for robust growth. After harvest, apply 2 kg of urea per mu for grain strengthening. At the same time, manage water levels carefully and implement pest control measures.
Author: Liu Zilong