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The radiator thermostat, also known as a temperature control valve or thermostatic valve, is installed on the inlet pipe of each radiator. It allows users to adjust and set the desired room temperature based on their comfort needs. The thermostatic valve functions as a proportional controller, meaning it adjusts the valve opening in proportion to the difference between the current room temperature and the setpoint. This ensures that the valve remains at an optimal position corresponding to the required heat load, maintaining stable water flow and consistent room temperature.
The range of room temperatures over which the thermostatic valve transitions from fully open to fully closed is referred to as the proportional band. Typically, this range is between 0.5°C and 2.0°C. Users can manually adjust the room temperature according to their preferences. Additionally, when there is excess heat in the room, the thermostat valve regulates the water flow to maintain a stable temperature, enhancing both comfort and energy efficiency.
Combined with a heat distribution meter or a household heat meter, the radiator thermostatic valve enables accurate measurement of individual heat consumption, which is essential for proper billing and management of heating systems. However, in a two-pipe system, the presence of thermostatic valves introduces variable flow conditions. If the pump operates under fixed conditions, some loops may experience increased pressure when certain valves are closed, leading to reduced control performance. On the other hand, the total water demand in the system may decrease, allowing for the use of variable-speed pumps to reduce energy consumption.
The thermostatic valve operates by using a temperature-sensitive element, typically housed in a thermal bulb. Depending on the installation, the temperature sensor can be either built-in or remote (external). Users can set the desired temperature via the display, and the system will automatically regulate the valve. The thermal bulb contains a temperature-sensitive medium that expands or contracts with changes in ambient temperature. This movement drives the valve stem, adjusting the water flow to the radiator and thus controlling the heat output.
When the room temperature rises, the medium inside the bulb expands, causing the valve to close slightly, reducing the water flow and lowering the heat output. Conversely, when the temperature drops, the medium contracts, allowing the spring to push the valve open further, increasing the water flow and restoring the desired temperature. The setpoint of the thermostatic valve can be adjusted manually, and the valve automatically manages the hot water supply to the radiator accordingly.
The installation location of the radiator thermostatic valve is critical. It should be placed on the inlet pipe of each radiator or at the entrance of a sub-household heating system. Proper installation is essential for accurate temperature sensing. Built-in sensors should not be installed vertically, as the heat from the valve body and surrounding pipes may interfere with the sensor’s readings. The sensor must be exposed to the circulating air in the room and should not be covered by curtains, heating hoods, or any other obstructions.