How vanadium batteries work

As a chemical energy storage technology, VRB has many unique features compared with traditional lead-acid batteries and nickel-cadmium batteries. Its performance is also applicable to many industrial applications, such as replacing oil machines and spares. Power supply, etc. The VESS system designed and manufactured using VRB technology (Vanadium Energy Storage System), whose design and operation characteristics are optimized on the basis of VRB, integrates many automated intelligent controls and electronic devices for management operations. .

Simply put, a vanadium battery converts the energy stored in the electrolyte into electrical energy, which is achieved by exchanging electrons between two different types of vanadium ions separated by a layer of membrane. The electrolyte is a mixture of sulfuric acid and vanadium, which is the same as a traditional lead-acid battery. Since this electrochemical reaction is reversible, the VRB battery can be either charged or discharged. During charging and discharging, the electrical energy and chemical energy can be converted into each other as the concentration of the two vanadium ions changes. The VRB battery consists of two electrolyte cells and one layer of cells. The electrolyte bath is used to hold two different electrolytes. Each cell consists of two "half cells" sandwiched between a diaphragm and an electrode for collecting current. Two different "half units" contain electrolytes of vanadium in different ionic forms. Each electrolyte bath is equipped with a pump for delivering electrolyte to each "half unit" in a closed conduit. When the charged electrolyte flows in a layer of cells, the electrons flow to the external circuit, which is the discharge process. When electrons are transported from the outside to the inside of the battery, the reverse process occurs, which is to charge the electrolyte in the battery unit and then pump it back to the electrolyte pool. In VRB, an electrolyte flows between a plurality of battery cells, and a voltage is formed by connecting the voltages of the respective cells in series. The nominal voltage is 1.2V. The current density is determined by the surface area of ​​the current collector within the cell, but the supply of current depends on the flow of electrolyte between the cells, not the cell layer itself. One of the most important features of VRB battery technology is that the peak power depends on the total surface area of ​​the battery layer, and the battery's power depends on the electrolyte. In conventional lead-acid and nickel-battery batteries, the electrodes and electrolyte are placed together, and the power and energy are strongly dependent on the plate area and the capacity of the electrolyte. But the VRB battery is not the case, its electrodes and electrolyte do not have to be placed together, which means that energy storage can be independent of the battery casing. Electrically, different levels of energy can be obtained by providing sufficient electrolyte for different cells or groups of cells in the cell layer. Charging and discharging the battery layer does not necessarily require the same voltage. For example, a VRB battery can be discharged with a voltage across a series of battery layers, while charging can be performed at a different voltage in another portion of the battery layer.

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