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The function of the reducer is to increase the torque by deceleration. This function is completely achieved by the meshing between the gear and the gear, which is relatively easy to understand. The difference is more difficult to understand, what is the differential, and why "differential"?
The car differential is the main part of the drive axle. Its role is to transmit power to both sides of the axle, while allowing both sides of the axle to rotate at different speeds, to meet both sides of the wheel as far as possible in the form of pure rolling for unequal travel, reducing tire and ground friction.
When the car is turning, the wheel's trajectory is a circular arc. If the car turns left, the center point of the arc is on the left. At the same time, the right side of the wheel walks longer than the left side wheel to balance this difference. The left wheel is slower, the right wheel is faster, and the difference in distance is compensated by different speeds.
If the rear axle is made in one piece, the difference in speed between the two wheels cannot be achieved. That is, automatic adjustment cannot be made. To solve this problem, as early as a hundred years ago, Luis Reno, the founder of Renault Motors in France, designed the differential.
This adjustment of the differential is automatic and involves the “minimum energy consumption principleâ€, which means that all objects on the earth tend to use the least energy. For example, when putting a bean in a bowl, the beans will automatically stay at the bottom of the bowl and never stay in the bowl because the bowl bottom is the lowest energy position (bit energy). It automatically selects the rest (minimum kinetic energy) Will continue to exercise. In the same way, when the wheels turn, they will automatically tend to the lowest energy consumption and automatically adjust the rotation speed of the left and right wheels according to the turning radius.
When turning, due to the phenomenon of slipping on the outer wheel, the inner wheel has a slip phenomenon. The two driving wheels will then generate two additional forces in opposite directions. Due to the “minimum energy consumption principleâ€, the two wheels will inevitably be caused. The rotation speed is different, thus destroying the balance relationship between the three, and through the half shaft reflected on the side gear, forcing the planetary gear to produce rotation, so that the speed of the outer half shaft is accelerated, the speed of the inner half shaft is slowed, thereby realizing the rotation speed of the two wheels difference.
If the drive wheels on both sides of the drive axle are rigidly connected with a full shaft, then both wheels can only rotate at the same angle. In this way, when the car turns to travel, because the distance of the outer wheel is larger than the distance of the inner wheel, the outer wheel will cause a slip while rolling, while the inner wheel will slide while rolling. Even if the car is driving straight, the wheels may slip due to uneven road surfaces or flat roads with different tire rolling radii (tire manufacturing errors, wear, uneven load, or air pressure).
When the wheels slide, they not only increase tire wear, increase power and fuel consumption, but also make the steering of the vehicle difficult and the braking performance deteriorate. In order to prevent the wheels from slipping as much as possible, it must be ensured in the structure that the wheels can rotate at different angles.
Inter-axle differential: Usually the driven wheel bearing is supported on the main shaft so that it can rotate at any angle, and the drive wheels are rigidly connected with the two half shafts respectively, and a differential is installed between the two half shafts. This differential is also known as the inter-axle differential.
Multi-axis drive off-road vehicles, in order to make each drive axle can rotate at different angular speeds, to eliminate the sliding of the drive wheels on each bridge, and some interaxle differentials are installed between the two drive axles.
The power of the automobile engine is transmitted through the clutch, the transmission and the transmission shaft and finally transmitted to the driving axle and then distributed to the axle driving wheels. The driving axle is the last assembly in this power transmission route, and its main components are the speed reducer and Differential.