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Members of the aluminum minerals are: fuchsia, rose red magnesium aluminum garnet; reddish brown, orange red iron aluminum garnet; deep red manganese aluminum garnet. Members of the calcium minerals are: yellow-brown, yellow-green calcium aluminum garnet; brown, yellow-green calcium iron garnet; fresh green calcium chrome garnet. The garnet crystal has a good shape, and is usually a rhombohedral dodecahedron, a tetragonal octahedron or a polymorph of the two, and the aggregate is dense or granular. Large color change (dark red, reddish brown, green, brown, black, etc.), no cleavage, irregular-shaped fracture, glass luster to gloss adamantyl, fracture of oil sheen, translucent. Mohs hardness 6.5-7.5, specific gravity 3.32-4.19. Crisp.
Garnet is widely distributed in nature. Magnesium aluminum garnet is mainly produced in basic rocks and ultrabasic rocks. Ferroalloy is commonly found in schist and gneiss . Calcium aluminum garnet and calcium iron garnet are the main minerals of skarn. Calcium garnet is produced in ultrabasic rocks. The garnet is mainly used as an abrasive material, and the color is transparent and can be used as a gemstone .
The garnet has a chemical formula of A 3 B 2 [SiO 4 ] 3 , and the crystal is a general term for a group of island-like structure silicate minerals of the equiaxed crystal system. In the chemical formula, A represents a divalent cation, mainly magnesium , iron , manganese , calcium, etc.; B represents a trivalent cation, mainly aluminum , iron, chromium , titanium, and the like. According to the composition characteristics, garnet is usually divided into two series of aluminum and calcium.