First, wheat soil testing and fertilization techniques and technical points: According to surveys, wheat fields in northwest China's wheat are seriously deficient in phosphorus, generally lack of nitrogen, potassium is relatively sufficient; Huanghuaihaimai high-yield fields of potassium deficiency, some fields of phosphorus deficiency. Agricultural technology departments in various regions can determine nitrogen and phosphorus according to the required fertilizer and sucking fertilizer characteristics of wheat, the supply of soil nutrients, the required amount of fertilizer to achieve the target yield, the effective content of fertilizer, and the fertilizer utilization, combined with the results of soil nutrient measurement. The amount of potash fertilizer, or made into a special fertilizer, guides farmers to use it.
Appropriate area: suitable for all wheat areas in the country.
Second, the semi-finished sowing semi-finished sowing of wheat cultivation techniques and technical points: First, fertility and fertility. It is required that 0-20 cm soil nutrient content of organic matter is greater than 1%, total nitrogen is greater than 0.07%, hydrolyzable nitrogen is greater than 60 mg/kg, available phosphorus is greater than 15 mg/kg, and available potassium is greater than 80 mg/kg. The second is to use good breeds. The third is to apply basic fertilizer. Base fertilizer is mainly farmyard manure, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are combined. Fourth, deep plowing and improving the quality of soil preparation. The fifth is to insist on planting enough. Sixth, suitable sowing. Seven is suitable for broadcast. Fine seeding 80,000 to 120,000 basic seedlings per acre, and semi-fine seeding seedlings of 13-18 million seedlings per acre. Eight is fertilizer and water management. Generally do not follow winter fertilizer, pouring good winter water, in order to ensure safe winter wheat seedlings.
Appropriate area: suitable for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Huanghuaihai and other wheat areas, including most of the provinces of Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Shandong, and Hebei, as well as high-yield wheat fields with irrigated conditions in Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Xinjiang Autonomous Region.
Third, the winter wheat nitrogen fertilizer high-yield cultivation techniques and technical points: First, fertility and fertilization. The second is to determine a reasonable group. For middle panicle type with high tillering rate, the basic seedlings are suitable for basic seedlings with a rate of 100,000 to 100,000 per acre, and 40,000-45 thousand ear per acre. For large spike-type cultivars with low tillering and spike formation, it is appropriate to use basal seedlings of 13-18 million per mu and 300,000 ear per mu. The third is to improve the quality of soil preparation, and appropriate sowing and fine sowing. The fourth is pouring winter water. Winter water is poured before and after the light snow, and it ends in late November and early December. The fifth is returning to the Qing period and the period of getting up.
Sixth, it is top-dressing watering. In the production, the turning-on or standing-up fertilization watering is changed from dressing to watering in the later jointing stage. Generally, the big panicle type with low tilling rate is in the jointing stage, and the middle panicle type with high tillering rate is on the jointing stage. The fertilizer is top-dressed and watered later in the jointing period.
Appropriate area: Applicable to Huanghuai Haimai District, which is 35-38 degrees north latitude, mainly including central and northern Henan, northern Jiangsu and Anhui, most of Shandong and Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi, Xinjiang Autonomous Region and other areas with good water and fertility Wheat field.
Fourth, the northern wheat water-saving high-yielding cultivation techniques and technical points: First, adjust the soil water storage at the bottom of the water. The second is to choose a good variety. The third is to increase the application of phosphate fertilizer and increase the proportion of nitrogen in basal fertilizer. The fourth is to increase the basic seedlings to ensure the quality of sowing. The fifth is to reduce invalid water consumption. After the sowing of wheat, measures are taken to suppress the ridges and suppress the back of the ridges. Loosen the topsoil immediately after the spring irrigation. Sixth, it is limited time water irrigation in the spring. 1 water is poured in spring, the best watering time is from jointing to booting stage; 2 water is poured in spring; the best watering period is jointing stage and flowering stage.
Appropriate area: Suitable for Huanghai Huaihai wheat area, mainly including wheat fields in Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi and Ningxia, Hetao irrigation areas in Inner Mongolia, Henan, northern Shandong, and other relatively scarce water resources.
V. High-yielding cultivation and technical techniques of southern buckwheat: The first is sowing. Appropriate sowing is based on the principle of forming strong seedlings before winter and no jointing during wintering. The second is to improve the quality of soil preparation and semi-precision seeding. The third is fertilizer management. Pure nitrogen 12-14 kg per acre, phosphorus (P2O5) 6 kg, potassium (K2O) 5-7.5 kg. The fourth is to dig a field ditch to facilitate irrigation and drainage.
Appropriate area: Applicable to the latitude 30-35 degrees wheat area, including Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing and other provinces in Henan Province and southern Henan in addition to rice, buckwheat and other wheat and corn fields.
Six, the southern rice buckwheat less no-tillage cultivation techniques Minimum tillage machine seeding technology and plate seeding sowing technology technical points: First, determine the reasonable basic seedlings. Proper sowing of 16-18 million per acre is appropriate. The second is fertilizer management. Former rice should be deep-rooted. Mushi pure nitrogen 12-14 kg, the bottom recovery ratio of 5:5, 70% of phosphorus, potash fertilizer or all as base fertilizer. Early Shi Zhuang Feifei, appropriate supplemental application of relay fertilizer. The third is to cover straw. Mainly rice straw, more than 150 kg per mu. Fourth, do a good job in supporting the ditch system.
Appropriate area: Applicable to latitude 30-35 degrees wheat, including Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing, Shandong, and other provinces (cities) of rice and wheat.
2. Rice planting wheat planting technology and technical points: First, the selection of varieties. The use of cold-resistant and anti-freezing damage during the overwintering period, the impact of early suppression, small, strong growth and vitality in the middle and late, to compensate for strong growth, good maturity dwarf, semi-dwarf compact wheat varieties. The second is to determine a reasonable symbiotic period. The symbiosis period is generally controlled within 8-10 days and should not exceed 15 days. The shorter the better. The third is accurate set broadcast. The fourth is to open a ditch and do a good job of covering the soil. Fifth, fertilizer management. After sowing, soil moisture, the application of fertilizer urea 5 kg / acre or nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer (8:8:8) 15 kg / acre; in the seedling stage before the ditching re-applied seedlings fertilizer, with nitrogen, Phosphorus, potassium compound fertilizer (8:8:8) 30 kg/mu, plus urea 15 kg/mu, then sprinkled with high-quality gray manure 1500-2000 kg/mu, and then ditch the ditch and evenly cover the fertilizer. , improve fertilizer efficiency.
Appropriate area: Applicable to latitude 30-35 degrees wheat, including Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing, Shandong and other provinces (cities).
Seventh, the southwest region of sparse planting wheat seedlings high yield technology and technical points: First, 7-10 days before sowing chemical weeding. The second is to use 2BJ-2 type simple human planter to plant 2-30000 bundles per acre, each bundle of 5-6 seeds, 15-180000 seedlings per acre, seeds sown at the surface. The third is covered with straw, with dry straw 300-400 kg per mu. The fourth is scientific fertilization, applying 1000-1500 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 10-12 kg of pure nitrogen, 5-7 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), and 5-7.5 kg of potassium (K2O). Nitrogen fertilizer used 60% as base fertilizer and 40% as jointing fertilizer. The fifth is to pay attention to clean drainage and timely application of joint fertilizer and water.
Appropriate area: Mainly applicable to the southwestern wheat area, including Sichuan, Chongqing, and some wheat areas in western Hubei, northern Hebei, and northern Hebei.
8. Coverage of wheat mulching and straw mulching in the Northwest Dryland 1. Technical points of dryland wheat film mulching technology: The technology for inter-membrane cultivation of mulching mulching mulch, the first is rain and rain. The second is to apply basic fertilizer. Appropriately increase fertilizer input by 10%-20%. The third is the ridge cover film. About 15 days before sowing, it was rainy and picked up after the rain. The fourth is to choose a good variety. Winter and semi-winter breeds should be selected, and semi-winter breeds can be used in the Huanghuai wheat area in the southeast, and winter varieties in the late winter winter area in the north. The fifth is suitable sowing date, broadcast volume. The sowing date can be delayed by 5-7 days compared to the local open cultivation, and the sowing rate should be appropriately reduced. Sixth, field management.
The mulching technique covers the sow cultivation technology, and the methods of site preparation, selection of varieties, sowing date, and sowing amount are the same as those for culturing with ridge cover. The difference is that the ridges are not raised, the mulching film is covered, the soil is covered with 1 cm, and then the holes are sown by mechanical holes. Each hole has 30000-40000 holes and 4-6 holes per hole.
Appropriate area: It is mainly applicable to the northwestern wheat area, mainly including dryland wheat fields in Gansu Province, Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province.
2. Straw cover technology technology points: mechanical harvesting as far as possible to stay high, and then use the straw mill to smash the straw, covered in the surface, generally covering 250-350 kg per mu, straw and two acres of less than one acre. After the rainy season begins, deep plowing will be carried out. The rotted wheat straw will be turned into the soil and will be harvested after harvesting. Afterwards, it will be rainy and rainy. In the implementation of wheat straw should not be covered too much too thick, so as to avoid unripe oat grass, resulting in competition with wheat for water, affecting wheat production.
Appropriate area: It is mainly applicable to the northwest and Huanghuai Haimai areas, mainly including Weibei dryland in Shaanxi Province, dryland wheat fields in Yan'an area, dryland wheat fields in Shanxi Jinnan, Jindongnan, Jinxi dryland and Gansu, and Hebei, Shandong, Dryland wheat fields with waterless conditions in Henan and other provinces.
Nine, late sowing wheat strain high-yielding cultivation techniques and technical points: First, select good varieties, to make up late. Should be used in semi-winter and semi-winter spring varieties. The second is to improve the quality of soil preparation so as to make up for the night. The third is to increase the number of broadcasts appropriately to cover late. The fourth is to increase fertilization material to supplement fertilizer late. Late sowing of wheat should increase the amount of fertilizer, balanced fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, with special emphasis on the application of phosphate fertilizer, can promote the development of wheat roots, promote the growth of tillers, and increase the percentage of tillers and spikes. The fifth is scientific management to strengthen the seedlings and create more spikes.
Appropriate area: It is mainly suitable for late-seeding wheat fields in various winter wheat areas.
X. Wheat antifreeze high-yielding cultivation techniques 1. Seeding techniques for preventing freezing injury Firstly, according to the local climate and ecological conditions, suitable winter and spring varieties should be selected, and no varieties can be selected in the off-season. The second is that the sowing date is compatible with the varieties. Winter varieties should be planted in the first area, and the latter half winter varieties should be used. Semi-winter spring varieties in the southern wheat region of Huanghuai must be sown in strict accordance with the guidance of the agricultural technology department, and should not be planted early. The third is the appropriate amount of sowing, seeding is too large wheat seedlings, maggots high growth, vulnerable to frost damage, semi-precision seeding techniques should be used to cultivate strong seedlings to improve cold resistance.
(2) Remedy of the strain-induced strain of wheat freeze injury (1) Freezing injury in winter. The main remedial measures for winter freezing injury: First, timely topdressing nitrogen fertilizer, promote the rapid growth of wheat tillers. The second is to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water in the middle and later stages to prevent premature aging.
(2) Freezing injury in early spring (pour spring). Cold damage in early spring (cold spring) The main remedial measures: First, moderate growth inhibition of growth in wheat fields, the main measure is the early spring suppression, spraying Zhuang Fengan. The second is to prevent early spring frost damage. The third is to supplement fertilizer and water after frost damage in early spring.
(3) Cold damage. When wheat grows into the booting stage, it is known as low-temperature chilling because of the hazard that occurs when the low temperature above zero degrees occurs. Major measures: Irrigation, smoking and other measures taken before the advent of low temperatures can prevent and reduce the occurrence of cold chilling injury, and timely top-dressing and watering to ensure normal wheat grouting and increase grain weight.
Appropriate area: Mainly applicable to frozen wheat fields in various winter wheat areas.

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