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As early as during the Second World War, the US hai army and the kong army encountered the problem of identifying the enemy and the enemy. For this purpose, the "enemy-identification system" was developed, and RFID technology was born. Nowadays, with the development of the Internet of Things, RFID, as an important member, is widely used in logistics, retail, medical, transportation and many other fields. How exactly does RFID have unlimited potential?
According to statistics, 78% of items in the Internet of Things are non-intelligent items that cannot be self-identified. RFID technology is used to connect intelligent and non-intelligent items, so as to create a great value for the Internet of Things industry. The Internet of Things is inseparable from object recognition, while big data requires high-quality data sources. It can be said that the Internet of Things without RFID technology is incomplete.
Read the RFID in depth
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) can identify specific targets and read and write related data through radio signals. The essence of RFID is to realize the identity and information identification of items by means of radio frequency technology.
Since 1937, RFID technology has begun to take shape, and it has been applied to military, laboratory and other fields. It has developed an identification system for the enemy and the enemy, an air traffic control system, and a shopping mall anti-theft system. With the development of the Internet of Things industry, RFID technology has become more and more popular and applied in our daily lives.
The advantages of RFID technology are mainly reflected in the reading speed. High speed means that more inventory can be made, and with the increase in effective accuracy, the retail industry will use RFID technology in large quantities. Taking warehouse logistics management as an example, the reading speed of bar code goods is 300 pieces per hour, the accuracy rate is between 50% and 80%, and the number of inventory counts in one year is 1 to 4 times, and the reading speed is realized by RFID technology. It is 700 pieces per hour, the accuracy rate is from 97% to 99%, and the inventory count is once a week.
1. Composition:
The RFID system is mainly composed of an RFID tag, an RFID reader, and a computer application system. The tag is mainly composed of an upper antenna, a coupling element, and an integrated chip. Each electronic tag has an electronic code of yi, which exchanges data with the reader through electromagnetic waves, and has intelligent reading and writing and encryption communication functions. The reader is mainly composed of a wireless transceiver module, an antenna, a control module and an interface circuit. The computer application system mainly collects, stores, manages and further processes the data information for use by the user. And read and write control of electronic tags.
2. Classification:
There are many ways to classify RFID. It can be classified into working frequency classification, classified according to power supply mode, classified according to application range, and classified according to data reading and writing type. See the picture below:
(Global IoT observation mapping)
Finely improve the RFID industry chain
A set of RFID solutions requires design, readers, antennas, tags, brackets or cabinets, application software, software integration services, and more. Its industrial chain is very divided, and there are many manufacturers in each link. Here are some representative manufacturers for reference.
Chip: The RFID chip is divided into a tag chip and a reader chip. The trend of its technology will continue to be lower power consumption, longer distances, faster read and write speeds, higher reliability and security, and lower costs. For domestic RFID chip manufacturers, the most important thing is stability, including the production process needs to be improved.
1. NXP (NXP)
NXP's RFID chips include UHF, HF, NFC and low frequency, and are widely used in warehousing, apparel retail, automotive electronics, brand protection tracking and livestock tracking.
For example, the UCODE 8 RAIN RFID, introduced in 2017, is more sensitive and easier to embed into tags, and is often used in UHF RFID tags. The chip also adds a unique ID number to the company that uses the tag for brand identification.
2. Alien Technology
The company is a leading supplier in the industry, providing ultra-high frequency passive RFID chips that comply with EPCglobal Gen2 and ISO/IEC 18000-6c standards, as well as technologies and products related to labels, readers and professional services.
Higgs-4 is a highly integrated single-chip EPC Gen2 UHF RFID tag chip. It can write data at low RF power, and it can simultaneously write data to tags in retail applications with large numbers of tags.
3, English frequency (Impinj)
The company is the world's leading provider of UHF Gen 2 RFID solutions, including high-performance tag chips, readers, reader chips, software, antennas and system integration.
For example, the Monza S6-C tag chip provides high performance and data integrity for large-scale item intelligence applications. It includes features such as automatic performance tuning, self-diagnostics, and durable construction to improve label quality and read performance while reducing the cost of labeling applications. It is suitable for item-level applications for retail, medical, ticketing and other applications.
4. Fudan Microelectronics
Shanghai Fudan Microelectronics Group Co., Ltd.'s UHF series chips are based on years of technology accumulation in the field of RF and storage. They have high RF read/write sensitivity, good compatibility and high memory reliability. They can be widely used in material management and transportation. Transportation, logistics and express delivery, personnel management, access control and other fields.
Fudan Microelectronics' UHF RFID tag chip operates from 840MHz to 960MHz. This series of chips includes UHF tag chips conforming to domestic standards GB/T29768 and GJB7377.1, and tag chips conforming to the international ISO18000-6C protocol. A normal version without an encryption algorithm and a secure version chip with an encryption algorithm can be provided separately.
5, Shenzhen Yuanwang Valley
Shenzhen Yuanwang Valley Information Technology Co., Ltd. has established the world's leading RFID product performance testing center, providing RFID technology, products and solution services for large-scale IoT construction. It has 6 series of more than 100 kinds of RFID products. It focuses on three strategic industries: railway, book and retail, and provides high-performance RFID products and solutions for textile washing, smart travel, tobacco and alcohol management, and intelligent transportation.
Yuanwang Valley began to develop special chips for truck electronic tags in 1995. At present, it has developed a first-generation truck electronic tag special chip with completely independent intellectual property rights, which also makes the truck electronic tag have a "Chinese core". Because of this "China core", the United States was forced to reduce the price of the original $150 truck electronic tag to more than 20 US dollars.
6, antenna:
RFID antennas are also divided into tag antennas and reader antennas. Depending on the application, RFID tags may need to be attached to objects of different types and shapes, or even embedded inside objects. The tag antenna and the reader antenna also bear the effects of receiving energy and transmitting energy, respectively, which impose strict requirements on the antenna design.
7. Laird Tech
Laird Technology Group is a world-renowned company that designs and manufactures electromagnetic shielding materials, thermal interface materials and wireless antenna products. It is widely used in telecommunications, data communications, computers, general electronic devices, network equipment, aerospace, defense, automotive. And areas such as medical equipment.
8, Innel Technology
Shenzhen Yingner Technology Co., Ltd. is a technology enterprise specializing in the design, development, production and sales of RFID antennas. It mainly provides RFID tag enterprises: PET aluminum etched antenna, PET copper etched antenna, NFC circuit board coil antenna, anti-metal interference antenna, various PCB high-precision shaped antennas and antenna design and development on behalf of customers. It provides fast, high quality HF and UHF etched antennas.
9. Aoxin Technology
Foshan Aoxin Technology Co., Ltd. integrates R&D, production and sales. It specializes in reader antennas in the field of wireless RF applications, mainly 4G/LTE, 3G, WIFI, WIMAX, RFID, VHF/UHF, TV, MIMO, CPE, GPS, GSM, CDMA, etc.
Equipment: RFID equipment includes readers and tags. RFID readers can identify and track RFID tags by using electromagnetic fields and obtain electronic information stored by such tags.
1. Honeywell Scanning and Mobile Technology (HSM)
Honeywell's Scanning and Mobile Technology Group is part of Honeywell Automation's Control Systems Group. As a professional barcode scanner manufacturer, its products include laser barcode scanners, image barcode scanners, OEM scan engines, mobile data terminals and barcode detectors.
2, Zebra Technology Corporation
Zebra Technologies began developing RFID printers in 1999 and successfully developed high-frequency, ultra-high-frequency RFID printers. Zebra's products and solutions are used in a wide range of industries around the world for a variety of applications. For example, the use of bar code wristbands and clinical sample collection to improve patient care; use mobile devices to print shou data, speed up checkouts; streamline warehousing business processes; and use real-time information to add new analytical data to professional games and entertainment programs.
3, ThingMagic
ThingMagic is a world-renowned RFID device manufacturer founded in 2000 and headquartered in Boston, USA. It specializes in the development and production of readers, sensors and embedded system technologies. Its fixed reader M6 and intelligent reader Astra have been widely used in the market, and have a high reputation and market share in the world, widely used in vehicle management, personnel management and supply chain management. .
Wide range of potential applications
Application 1: Supply Chain Management
In recent years, the rapid development of RFID technology has brought leaps and bounds development opportunities to the supply chain management of the retail industry. With the international retail giants such as Wal-Mart, Marks & Spencer and Metro, releasing the mandatory use of RFID supply chain management technology, the competition between the finished product supply chain has become the key to the success of the future retail industry competition.
Case: Metro
In 2002, Metro, the world's third-largest retailer, announced the "Future Store" program, announcing the adoption of RFID technology throughout its supply chain. The program attracts more and more partner companies to jointly develop and test applications for IoT RFID technology, covering all aspects of the retail supply chain, such as inventory, transportation, logistics, warehousing, and even the retail in-store customer buying experience.
Berkeley’s new survey data for Metro’s Zui shows that after using the RFID system to identify pallets, shipping confirmations and warehousing, the average inspection and unloading time per truck is 15 to 20 minutes; and the supply chain is not in place. Shipments were discovered in a timely manner, improving inventory accuracy, increasing inventory availability by 11%, out of stock by 11%, and cargo loss by 18%; in addition, warehousing labor expenses decreased by 14%.
Application 2: Warehousing inventory
With the increasing penetration of RFID tags in the retail industry, apparel is gradually introducing RFID technology into the entire management system. For example, Decathlon, ZARA, Uniqlo, Haicang House, La Chapelle, and Fu Anna have all implemented RFID projects.
Case: Uniqlo
In 2017, Uniqlo's deputy brand GU opened a 30,000-square-meter digitally-powered digital store in Yokohama, Japan, which uses RFID-based products and featured applications, including RFID shopping carts and RFID trials. Intelligent equipment such as clothes mirror and RFID self-checkout.
Application 3: Industrial production
Through the use of RFID technology, the system can automatically collect production data and equipment status data, provide real-time data for all aspects of the business process of the production manager, allowing the process characteristics of the various process equipment and related process and quality index parameters to be Online monitoring and analysis of production information such as process parameters and equipment operating parameters in important parts of production.
Case: Roewe 350 production line
The Roewe 350's production line uses the vehicle body identification system (AVI), which can collect statistics, quality control and quality information of various types of vehicle production data in real time, and timely report to material management, production scheduling, quality assurance and other related departments. Transmission, which plays an important role in raw material supply, production scheduling, sales service, quality monitoring, lifetime quality tracking of vehicles, and multi-model hybrid production.
The RFID widely used in the Roewe 350 welding line is the HMS series of EMS in the United States.
In addition, RFID is widely used in logistics, smart parking, unmanned convenience stores and other fields, and its application potential is still expanding.
Breaking through the bottleneck trend
RFID technology is developing rapidly, but there are still some shortcomings.
1, electronic label
The high storage capacity of electronic tags means multi-function, and low power consumption means that the labels are miniaturized, which directly limits the cost of electronic tags. At present, the price of electronic tags is still relatively high. The technical standards restrict the number of electronic tags in the system, and it is difficult to achieve wide compatibility. The difficulty of unification makes it difficult to reduce prices.
2, data interference
The problem of data interference in space can be overcome by technical means, but often at the expense of performance, there is still a difference between the actual situation and the establishment of the data model. Large-capacity recognition in a high-speed narrow space is difficult to achieve.
3, data collision
There are always some shortcomings in the data collision problem of electronic tags. At present, many organizations actively study efficient algorithms to deal with the data collision problem of electronic tags.
4, security issues
For the data security problem of the RFID system, the physical implementation and the cryptographic method are solved in the specific implementation. Encryption technology has requirements for the cost and power consumption of electronic tags. How to find a good balance point in cost and security performance is also a problem that needs to be continuously broken.
5, technical standards
For the technical standards of RFID, it is difficult to be unified at the international level, which makes product development and application positioning more chaotic.
Conclusion:
As an important member of the Internet of Things, RFID technology will continue to maintain rapid development and will be used more widely in all walks of life. Accurately grasping the bottleneck of current technology development has certain practical significance for actively developing RFID technology and promoting the development of Internet of Things technology. At the same time, there are still many unexplored markets in China's RFID industry. In the future, more companies will enter the RFID market, and market competition will be further intensified.