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A water hammer pump is a device that utilizes the energy generated when flowing water is abruptly stopped to create pressure and lift water to a certain height. As water flows down the intake pipe toward check valve A (also known as a deadweight load valve), the sudden impact of the water flow creates an impulse strong enough to cause the valve to close rapidly. This abrupt stop converts the kinetic energy of the flowing water into pressure energy, causing a significant increase in pressure within the pipe. This increased pressure then opens one-way valve B, allowing some of the water to enter an air chamber and be pushed through the outlet pipe to a higher elevation.
After this initial pressurization, the pressure in the inlet pipe drops, allowing valve A to fall back to its open position under the force of gravity. At the same time, the compressed air in the air chamber forces valve B to close, completing the cycle. This process repeats continuously as long as water flows through the system.
With a water hammer pump, approximately 15% of the water entering the inlet pipe can be pressurized to a height equivalent to five times the head loss in the inlet pipe. The efficiency of the pump, η, depends on various factors, including the flow rate and system design. In practice, the efficiency typically ranges around 6%. For optimal performance, the inlet pipe should be installed at an incline between 1:9 and 1:4 to ensure effective water flow and braking.
One of the key advantages of a water hammer pump is its simplicity. It has no moving parts, requires no external power source, and is relatively easy to maintain. However, the design must take into account the structural strength of the pump components, as the high-pressure surges caused by water hammer can lead to damage or failure if not properly managed. Overall, the water hammer pump is a reliable and efficient solution for lifting water in situations where electricity or mechanical pumps are not available.
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