Different engines have normal oil consumption values, and the normal consumption of different engine oils is different. For example, the BMW company's oil consumption limit is: 0.7 liters/kilometer. For truck diesel engines, many manufacturers require that: 2.24 liters/10,000 kilometers is normal. The reasons for the engine's "burning" of engine oil are listed below. It is used as a reference for the problems of "high oil consumption" and "burned" engine oil in vehicle maintenance. 1. External leakage of oil There are many reasons for oil leakage, including oil lines, oil drain ports, oil pan gaskets, valve housing cover gaskets, oil pump gaskets, fuel pump gaskets, timing chain cover seals, and camshaft seals. The above possible leakage factors can not be ignored, because even a small leakage will lead to a lot of oil consumption. For example, one drop every 6 seconds means that 0.56 liters of oil are consumed per hundred kilometers. The best method for leak detection is to put a light-colored cloth on the bottom of the engine and check it after starting the engine. The location of the leak can be determined by the location of the oil droplets on the cloth. 2, before and after the oil seal failure Damage to the front and rear main bearing seals will certainly lead to leakage of the oil. This situation can only be found when the engine is running with a load. The main bearing oil seal must be replaced after it has worn out, as it will leak as much as the oil leaks. 3, the main bearing wear or failure A worn or faulty main bearing throws up excess oil and is thrown to the cylinder wall. As the bearing wear increases, more oil will be thrown away. For example, if the bearing design clearance of 0.04 mm provides normal lubrication and cooling capabilities, if the bearing clearance can be maintained, the amount of oil thrown out is normal and the bearing will not be damaged. When the gap increases to 0,08 mm, the amount of oil thrown out will be five times the normal amount. If the gap increases to 0.16 mm, the amount of oil thrown out will be 25 times the normal amount. If the main bearing throws out too much oil, the cylinder will also splash more, so that the piston and piston ring can not effectively control the oil. This can lead to burning of engine oil or carbon deposits on pistons and piston rings. Normally, if the oil is lost to the main bearing excessively, the connecting rod bearing will be short of oil, resulting in insufficient oil splashed on the cylinder wall at certain low speeds, resulting in wear of the piston ring and piston and inability to operate at high engine speeds. Control oil. Therefore, the wear of the main bearing has a high oil consumption. 4, connecting rod bearing wear or damage The bearing clearance of the connecting rod has a similar effect on the oil as the main bearing. In addition, the oil is thrown more directly onto the cylinder wall. Worn or damaged connecting rod bearings cause excess oil to be thrown onto the cylinder wall, resulting in pistons and piston rings designed to control the normal amount of oil that cannot effectively control excessive oil, causing excess oil to enter the combustion chamber and become burnt. Loss, that is, high oil consumption. Note: Insufficient bearing clearance not only leads to self-wear but also wear of the piston, piston rings and cylinder wall. 5, camshaft bearing wear or damage Camshaft bearings are usually pressure-lubricated, and if the gap is too large, excess oil can leak. Lost oil can impregnate valve guides and valve stems, causing increased oil consumption. 6, crankshaft journal wear Worn crankshaft journals have the same effect on oil as bearing wear. When their wear loses their circle, the gap between them and the round bearing will not be uniform. The size of the gap between the out of round crankshaft journal and the bearing changes during the rotary motion and more oil is thrown away. The out-of-round bearings need to be reground and paired with a smaller size bearing. 7, cylinder liner tapered or out of round For cylinder liners ground to taper and out of round (cylindricity and concentricity drop), the consumption of oil can be controlled by the piston and the piston ring. However, with the ever-increasing taper and out-of-roundness of cylinder liners, the control of oil consumption becomes more and more difficult. This is the result of a combination of many factors. As the gap between the piston and the cylinder liner increases, it will cause the piston to oscillate; this instantaneous tilting oscillation will cause excess oil to be trapped on one side of the piston and the same situation also occurs on the piston ring. In this way, as the piston oscillates continuously, some oil will enter the combustion chamber. Each time the crankshaft rotates, the piston completes two strokes. When the engine is operating at 3000 rpm (approximately 60 mph), the piston rings running in the deformed cylinder liner will experience changes in size and shape at 6000 strokes/minute. As a result, the piston ring may not be able to timely adjust its own clearance with the cylinder liner in the high-speed operation (especially when the cylinder liner wears out, resulting in excessive fit clearance). Therefore, as long as the above situation occurs, the engine oil consumption will be too high. 8, cylinder liner deformation Unlike the cylinder round-off conditions caused by wear due to wear mentioned in 7, there are other reasons, such as uneven heat distribution or unequal tightness of the cylinder head bolts, which may cause the cylinder liner to distort and cause the piston ring to fail. Forming a proper contact with the surface of the cylinder liner reduces the oil scraping function; as a result, excess oil remains locally, which eventually burns into the combustion chamber, resulting in increased oil consumption. 9, "PCV" Crankcase positive pressure ventilation valve or pipe blocking The main function of PVC (Crankcase Positive Pressure Ventilation) is to recycle the mixture of the engine combustion chamber into the crankcase, reducing the content of unburned hydrocarbons. The air-fuel mixture is a mixture of air, fuel and combustion exhaust gas. During the power stroke, due to the high pressure, the piston/piston ring and the cylinder liner enter into the crankcase. PVC systems usually have a tube routing crankcase leading to a carburetor or intake manifold. The degree of vacuum generated during the intake of the engine's intake manifold draws mixed helium gas from the crankcase and enters the combustion chamber where it is recycled. PVC (Crankcase Positive Pressure Vent) valves may be blocked by sludge, paint film, or other impurities in the mixed helium gas. This will lead to deterioration of the engine oil and excessive deposits. As a result, the piston ring (oil ring) will be blocked, the oil consumption will increase, and the piston ring will wear out prematurely; the crankcase pressure will increase, resulting in the failure of the crankshaft sealing ring and the engine oil seeping out. The situation deteriorated. 10, grinding abrasive wear If the liner is honed or polished, it must be cleaned as required to prevent residual metal chips or abrasives from damaging the surface of the piston ring groove. The cleaning method is as follows: After honing, the cylinder liner must be thoroughly cleaned with a brush, soapy water, and then immediately oiled; or use 10 # lubricant oil to clean the cylinder wall and carefully clean. Repeat the above process until all foreign materials have been removed. Regardless of which method is used, the final requirement is to check: wipe the surface of the cylinder liner with a white cloth. If the white cloth is still clean after wiping, the cylinder liner has been cleaned. Note: It is not possible to clean the honed wall of the cylinder with petrol or kerosene. Because they cannot remove the abrasive that adheres to the cylinder wall, they will also carry it into the micro-holes of the burrs. Therefore, cylinder liners that have not been subjected to normal cleaning may cause premature wear, failure of the piston rings, and ultimately increased oil consumption. 11, piston ring groove wear Whether the end face of the piston ring groove is flat or not, and whether the gap between the piston ring and the piston ring groove is correct is an important factor for whether the piston ring can play a good sealing effect. In general, the gap between the piston rings of a car engine cannot exceed 0.002â€-0.004â€. When the piston moves up and down, the piston ring must be properly seated in the piston ring groove. If the piston ring groove is deformed, the piston ring will not work properly and the oil will enter the combustion chamber. Worn piston ring grooves will cause the backlash to increase, causing excess oil to enter the combustion chamber. Conversely, an excessively large side gap can cause the piston ring to hit the piston ring groove, causing further wear of the piston ring groove. If the situation does not improve, it may even cause the rupture of the piston ring. 12. Damaged or chipped piston ring The breakage or fragmentation of the piston's shore causes the piston ring to fail to properly seat in the piston ring groove, causing excess oil to enter the combustion chamber. In addition, it will lead to complete damage to the cylinder liner, piston and piston rings. Therefore, we must pay close attention. Once there is such a sign, it must be replaced immediately. 13, valve stem or catheter wear If the valve stem and the conduit are worn, the vacuum suction generated during the intake will suck the oil and oil vapor between the valve stem and the conduit into the intake manifold and eventually enter the combustion chamber and burn off. If this situation does not improve, then when the engine is replaced with a new piston ring, oil consumption will increase due to the increase of intake vacuum suction; when the engine is overhauled, it will attach to the valve stem and the surface of the catheter. After the sludge and other deposits are removed, the gap will further increase, and the oil leakage loss will become more apparent. For valve-overhead engines, loss of oil can occur regardless of the exhaust valve or the intake valve. The problem of high oil consumption caused by excessive valve-gap clearance can be improved by continuously modifying the valve stem. Sometimes new valves need to be trimmed as well. The use of advanced integrated valve seals (Bonded Valve Seal) can effectively prevent oil leakage losses. 14, connecting rod bending deformation The bending deformation of the connecting rod will cause the piston to be unable to run linearly along the liner, which will affect the normal sealing function of the piston ring, resulting in increased oil consumption. In addition, the bending deformation of the connecting rod will also lead to a change in the clearance between the connecting rod bearing and the piston pin, causing the premature wear of the connecting rod bearing, so that more oil is thrown onto the cylinder wall. 15, piston pin wear or improper position If the piston pin is worn or improperly assembled, the oil that flows under pressure to the piston pin will be thrown against the cylinder wall and the piston ring will not scrape the excess oil. This not only results in direct loss of the engine oil, but also the formation of carbon deposits that can clog the oil circuit and cause the piston rings to jam. 16, piston pin assembly too tight If the two ends of the piston pin are assembled too tightly, the piston cannot perform the corresponding normal expansion and contraction under the repeated hot and cold working environment of the engine, resulting in the deformation of the piston, which in turn causes the scratch of the cylinder wall, inevitably resulting in the lower jaw gas. And excessive oil loss. 17, oil obstruction Long-term operation of the engine under harsh working conditions, the resulting carbon deposits and foreign objects can easily block the piston and the oil ring in the piston ring. At this time, the oil cannot be returned to the crankcase in the normal way, but it stays in some parts such as valve guides, resulting in increased oil consumption. If the oil path in the connecting rod or other parts is blocked, the engine will be poorly lubricated, the wear will increase, and the oil consumption will increase. To prevent this from happening, prevention should be carried out in accordance with item 28. Of course, you don't need to set aside for this. 18, the main bearing cap bolt or connecting rod bolt torque imbalance If the main bearing cover bolts or connecting rod bolts are unbalanced in torque, it will lead to out-of-round deformation of the bearings, which will reduce the service life of the bearings and cause excess oil to be flung out of the bearings. The effect on oil consumption is as described in items 3 and 4. Described. When installing bearing cap bolts, torque wrenches must be used and tightened in strict accordance with the manufacturer's requirements. If the torque of the connecting rod bolt is not balanced, the connecting rod will be deformed with the consequences as described in item 14. 19, cylinder head bolt torque imbalance The stress caused by the unbalance of the torque of the cylinder head bolts will cause the cylinder to be severely deformed and bring about the olein condition as described in items 7 and 8. When installing the cylinder head bolts, torque wrenches must be used and tightened in strict accordance with the manufacturer's requirements. 20, dust pollution cooling system Rust particles, scale, sediment, or other products within the water jacket and radiator, as well as the corrosion of the water piping, all negatively affect the cooling efficiency of the cooling system. Deformation of the cylinder caused by this will directly result in loss of oil due to items #7 and #8. Defects in the cooling system cause the engine to overheat, and some cylinders may experience localized overheating, which in turn may cause galling and sticking of cylinders, pistons, and piston rings, resulting in increased fuel consumption. The overheated engine and the sump oil temperature of the sump will also cause an increase in fuel consumption. 21, dirty oil Without changing the oil change intervals, improper maintenance of the oil filter will make the oil dirty, and the oil will block the piston and the oil gap at the piston ring, resulting in an increase in fuel consumption as described in #17. Dirty oil can also cause increased wear of bearings, cylinders, pistons, and piston rings. These worn parts, as explained in the corresponding sections above, will cause an increase in fuel consumption. Special Note: Dirty oil itself is also more expensive than clean oil. 22, too much oil in the sump Due to the wrong insertion of the dipstick, it failed to seat in the end, resulting in the measured oil level being lower than the actual oil level. Therefore, additional oil was added to make the oil level too high. If the bottom of the connecting rod of the pressure-lubricated engine hits the oil surface, or the oil ring of the splash-lubricated engine is immersed in the oil pool too deep, excessive oil can be thrown into the cylinder wall and enter the combustion chamber. 23. Piston ring fitted is not suitable for engine type or work type If an unsuitable size piston ring is selected (for example, a 0.020†enlarged piston ring is used in a 0.040†enlarged cylinder), the oil in the upper part of the cylinder cannot be scraped back due to improper cooperation between the two. Oyster phenomenon. Similarly, the clearance between the bottom of the piston ring and the ring groove is also increased, further increasing the oil consumption, as described in #26. Different types of engines, different working conditions, require a variety of different specially designed piston rings. Each type of piston ring is made for a specific purpose. If used in the wrong place, the engine oil consumption cannot be controlled. It is very important to use the correct piston ring set. 24, high vacuum engine Modern engine speed, valve overlap angle, and compression characteristics increase the vacuum of the engine. Some new engines decelerate with an aspirated vacuum of up to 25 inches (635 mm) Hg height (older engine design = 508 mm Hg height). A high degree of vacuum requires the development of a new oil ring that effectively seals both sides of the piston ring groove (above and below) to prevent leakage of oil from both sides and back of the oil ring during high vacuum and deceleration. This reason is often a major cause of blue smoke or high fuel consumption. Therefore, it is important to use an oil ring with side face seal capability when needed. 25, timing gear or chain wear The wear of the timing gear or chain can cause the valve and crankshaft timing to be out of sync. Due to the excessive backlash caused by wear of gear teeth or chains, the adjustment of the engine cannot be achieved: the timing of the previous lap may not be the same as the next lap. When the movements of the valve and the piston are not synchronized, excessive oil consumption may result. The reason is that excessive vacuum in the combustion chamber will pump in large amounts of engine oil and burn it off. 26, when the piston ring is installed, the circumferential clearance gap is too small When installing a new piston ring, it must be noted that at the smallest diameter of the cylinder, the piston ring still has enough circumferential face clearance to compensate for thermal expansion. Usually the vehicle engine cast iron rings require a clearance of 0.003-0.005 inches per inch. Because the combustion gas coming directly from the combustion chamber is directly supported, the piston ring has a higher heating speed and operating temperature than the cylinder. Due to the water jacket, the cylinder wall has a lower temperature. This means that the piston ring expands more, so there must be a clearance to compensate - that is, the circumferential surface clearance - otherwise, the piston ring's end face will interfere with the cylinder wall during engine operation, impact, resulting in scratches, adhesive wear, resulting in Fuel consumption rises. If the engine continues to operate, especially when the load is heavy, the adhesive wear will be more serious. The end face of the piston ring is pressed inwardly toward the piston ring groove, and the gap between the ring and the cylinder wall is increased. The combustion chamber high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas directly burns the lubricating oil on the cylinder wall along this passage, and the helium gas enters the oil bottom, greatly increasing the Oil consumption. Severe interference can even cause the piston ring to break, with the consequences described in #27. Excessive piston ring circumferential end clearance also causes increased oil consumption. 27. Worn or broken piston rings If the piston ring is broken or excessively worn, causing the compressive stress and the gap to fail to maintain, excess oil is drawn into the combustion chamber during the suction stroke, and the combustion gas squats along the piston during the power stroke. Both of them cause combustion and carbonization of the oil at the piston, cylinder wall and piston ring. The broken piston ring is more destructive, and a broken piece with a sharp tip is likely to cut into the side of the groove of the piston ring, causing destruction of the ring and complete destruction of the piston. When the engine is overhauled, worn piston rings should be replaced immediately instead of being reused. The new piston ring has a quick positioning surface that allows immediate control of oil consumption. Used piston rings, even if only slightly worn, can not be properly positioned because the surface has been polished, as well as excessive oil consumption. 28, piston ring sticky ring Obviously, the viscoelastic piston rings cannot control the oil. Therefore, this situation should be avoided as much as possible. First of all, the installation of the piston ring should ensure the correct backlash of the piston ring, so that when the engine is working, the piston ring is still movable in the ring groove at the operating temperature. In addition, ensure that the components of the engine are clean when the piston rings are installed and that there are no dust particles. Otherwise, the piston rings may become sticky. Third, the use of excellent oil products to reduce carbon deposition, sludge, paint film generation. Fourth, the oil should be changed regularly to clean the oil filter. Fifth, avoid overheating the engine. 29, valve timing lag Hysteresis valve timing causes the intake valve closing time after the start of the intake stroke to be too long, and the degree of vacuum in the cylinder increases, increasing the chance that the oil will be burned out of the combustion chamber of the upper cylinder from the gap between the piston and the ring and cylinder liner. 30. The oil pressure is too high Incorrect oil pressure setting and failure of the safety relief valve will cause the oil pressure to be too high. The result is that the engine is infiltrated with excess oil, producing the same result as bearing wear. 31, oil viscosity The oil viscosity used is too thin and may cause high oil consumption. Please refer to the vehicle maintenance manual to select an appropriate oil viscosity based on driving conditions and ambient temperature. 32, piston design Some of the latest engines have adopted new piston ring designs to meet emission requirements. Sometimes this design causes a slight "knocking" at startup. This sometimes increases oil consumption. 33, the inner gasket / air inlet rupture In the new engine design, a variety of composite materials made of metal and other materials are often used. Due to the difference in the degree of thermal expansion and contraction of different materials, after long-term operation, thermal stress fatigue or cracking may occur in the fillers and seals. The level of fuel consumption rose. 34. Pre-ignition knock Most new engines are equipped with knock sensors to adjust the timing system to reduce emissions and improve engine power and performance. Pre-ignition knock is caused by the pre-ignition of fuel during the combustion process. Pre-ignition leads to a sharp increase in the pressure build up on the piston, breaking the normal motion of the piston ring, resulting in failure of the top and bottom seals of the piston ring, ultimately resulting in increased helium and fuel consumption through the piston ring. The same problem can be caused by the intake air flow sensor failure and the throttle position sensor failure. 35. Modifications and spare parts used by the user to improve the performance of the engine The addition of retrofit components to enhance engine performance/power on the stock or on-board engines increases the potential for high engine fuel consumption. 36, engine lugging Lugging means that the engine is running at a low speed if high speed (higher power/torque) should be used, which will cause the piston to withstand more pressure and increase the consumption of oil. 37. Improper operation of speeding operation The engine is over-speeded if it is not suitable for overspeed operation. For a variety of reasons related to this, engine oil consumption will increase. These conditions include crawling and frequent stop-starts in urban traffic. See also Reason 36. 38, turbocharger seal leakage Leakage of the turbocharger seal will draw the oil into the combustion chamber where it burns and forms carbon deposits, hindering normal engine operation and further leading to more oil consumption. 39, high intake resistance Excessive intake system resistance increases the degree of vacuum in the engine and increases oil consumption, as described in item 24. Severe blockage of the air filter is an example of this situation. 40, fuel dilution If not completely burned fuel enters the lubrication system, the oil will become thin and more volatile, which will lead to higher oil consumption. Excess fuel may enter the lubrication system and mix with engine oil due to fuel nozzle leaks, problem fuel pumps, high intake air resistance, or excessive idling.
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